Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 176-187 , May 2009

Rural Food Deserts: Low-income Perspectives on Food Access in Minnesota and Iowa

  • Chery Smith, PhD, MPH, RD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress for correspondence: Chery Smith, PhD, MPH, RD, University of Minnesota, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 225 FScN, 1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108-6099; Phone: (612) 624-2217; Fax: (612) 625-5272
  • ,
  • Lois W. Morton, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA

References 

  1. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National diabetes statistics fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2003. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health; 2003;Revised ed. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH: 2004.
  2. Kaufman PR. Rural poor have less access to supermarkets, large grocery stores. USDA Economic Research Service. Rural Dev Perspectives. 1998;13:19–26
  3. Morton LW, Bitto EA, Oakland MJ, Sand M. Solving the problems of Iowa food deserts: food insecurity and civic structure. Rural Sociol. 2005;70:94–112
  4. Hendrickson D, Smith C, Eikenberry N. Fruit and vegetable access in four low-income food deserts communities in Minnesota. Agric Human Values. 2006;23:371–383
  5. Richards R, Smith C. Shelter environment and placement in community affects lifestyle factors among homeless families in Minnesota. Am J Health Promot. 2006;21:36–44
  6. Morris PM, Neuhauser L, Campbell C. Food security in rural America: a study of the availability and costs of food. J Nutr Educ. 1992;24:52S–58S
  7. Lang T, Raynor G, eds. Why health is the key to the future of food and farming. United Kingdom Health Development Agency. Available at: http://www.ukpha.org.uk. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  8. Cummins S, Macintyre S. The location of food stores in urban areas: a case study in Glasgow. Brit Food J. 1999;101:545–553
  9. Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A, Poole C. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am J Prev Med. 2002;22:23–29
  10. Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A. The contextual effect of the local food environment on residents' diets: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1761–1767
  11. Eikenberry N, Smith C. Attitudes, beliefs and prevalence of dumpster diving as a means to obtain food by Midwestern, low-income, urban dwellers. Agric Human Values. 2005;22:187–202
  12. Smith C, Rinderknecht K. Obesity correlates with increased blood pressure in urban Native American youth. Am J Hum Biol. 2003;15:78–90
  13. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. Available at: http://web.health.gov/healthypeople/. Accessed March 5, 2009
  14. Adams EJ, Grummer-Strawn L, Chavez G. Food insecurity is associated with increased risk of obesity in California women. J Nutr. 2003;133:1070–1074
  15. Richards R, Smith C. Environmental, parental, and personal influences on food choice, access, and overweight status among homeless children. Soc Sci Med. 2007;6:1572–1583
  16. USDA-ERS. Rural Income, Poverty, and Welfare Report. September 12, 2006. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/IncomePovertyWelfare/. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  17. Fehr E, Fischbacher U. Social norms and human cooperation. Trends Cognitive Sci. 2004;8:185–189
  18. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company; 1997;
  19. Rinderknecht K, Smith C. Social Cognitive Theory in an after-school nutrition for urban Native American youth. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2004;36:298–306
  20. Morgan DL, Krueger RA. The Focus Group Kit. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 1998;
  21. Polivy J, Zeitlin SB, Herman PC, Beal LA. Food restriction and binge eating: a study of former prisoners of war. J Abnormal Psych. 1994;103:409–411
  22. Schryver T, Smith C. Minnesotans' willingness to consume soy foods for cholesterol lowering and receive CVD counseling by nutrition professionals. Pub Health Nutr. 2006;9:866–874
  23. Schryver T, Smith C. Attitudes and behaviors of soy consumers versus non-consumers in natural foods or mainstream grocery stores towards soy food consumption. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2005;37:292–299
  24. Glanz K, Basil M, Maibach E, Goldberg J, Snyder D. Why Americans eat what they do: taste, nutrition, cost, convenience, and weight control concerns as influences on food consumption. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:1118–1126
  25. Furst T, Connors M, Bisogni CA, Sobal J, Winter Falk L. Food choice: a conceptual model of the process. Appetite. 1996;26:247–266
  26. Eikenberry N, Smith C. Healthy eating: perceptions, motivations, barriers, and promoters in low-income Minnesota communities. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:1158–1161
  27. Reimer K, Smith C, Reicks M, Henry H, Atwell J, Thomas R. Child feeding strategies relating to fruits and vegetables according to stage of change in African American women. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7:505–512
  28. Cullen KW, Baranowski T, Rittenberry L, Olvera N. Social-environmental influences on children's diets: results from focus groups with African-, Euro- and Mexican-American children and their parents. Health Educ Behav. 2000;15:581–590
  29. Sarlio-Lähteenkorva S, Lahelma E. Food insecurity is associated with past and present economic disadvantage and body mass index. J Nutr. 2001;131:2880–2884
  30. Marlett JA, McBurney MI, Slavin JL. Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:993–1000
  31. Lin BH, Morrison RM. Higher fruit consumption linked with lower body mass index. Food Rev. 2002;25:28–32
  32. Acheson D. Independent inquiry into inequalities in health. London: Stationery Office; 1998;
  33. Lautenschlager L, Smith C. Low-income Native Americans' perception of diabetes. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2006;38:307–315
  34. Kawachi I. Social capital and community effects on population and individual health. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1999;896:120–130
  35. Putnam RD. Making Democracy Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1993;
  36. McCullum C, Pelletier D, Barr D, Wilkins J. Agenda setting within a community-based food security planning process: the influence of power. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2003;35:189–199
  37. Nord M, Andrew M, Carlson S. Household Food Security in the United States, 2005. Washington, DC: USDA Food Assistance and Nutrition Resource Program; 2006. Economic Research Report No. 29.
  38. Garasky S, Morton LW, Greder K. The food environment and food insecurity: perceptions of rural, suburban, and urban food pantry clients in Iowa. Family Econ Nutr Rev. 2004;16:41–48
  39. Boehmer TK, Lovegreen SL, Haire-Joshu D, Brownson RC. What constitutes an obesogenic environment in rural communities?. Am J Health Promot. 2006;20:411–421
  40. Rose D, Richards R. Food store access and household fruit and vegetable use among participants in the US Food Stamp Program. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7:1081–1088

PII: S1499-4046(08)00756-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2008.06.008

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 176-187 , May 2009