Food Consumption Patterns of Nigerian Adolescents and Effect on Body Weight

Abstract 

Objective

Association between nutritional status of adolescents and food consumption pattern.

Design

Data on number of meals and snacks consumed daily were collected using structured questionnaires. Nutritional status was assessed as weight-for-age body mass index score less than fifth percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization International Growth Reference.

Setting

Cross-sectional studies of adolescents using multistage random sampling procedure.

Participants

401 adolescents from 32 secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria.

Analysis

Frequency counts, percentages, and cross-tabulation analysis were used to analyze data, analysis of variance was used to test the differences, as well as chi-square analysis. Level of significance was taken at .05 and .01 levels.

Results

66.1% of adolescents ate 3 meals daily; this percentage was higher among rural (75.4%) than urban (61.4%) children (P < .001). About 33.0% consumed snacks daily but to a varying degree, which was higher among urban than rural adolescents (P = .002). Prevalence of underweight was 20.1%, more common in rural (22.1%) than urban adolescents (18.7%). Underweight prevalence was highest among those who ate 3 meals and no snacks daily (28.6%) and least among those who ate 3 meals and snacks twice daily (15.9%).

Conclusion

Snacks are important in food consumption among adolescents; when snacks are consumed in addition to 3 meals, they will improve the nutritional status of adolescents.

Key Words: meals, snacks, consumption, underweight, adolescents