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Abstract
Objective
Development of an evaluation tool of psychosocial constructs for use by participants
in 2 federal programs, Food Stamp Nutrition Education and the Expanded Food and Nutrition
Education Program.
Design
Cross-sectional data from a longitudinal study.
Participants
Limited-resource women (n = 111) living in low-income communities.
Measures
Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, ethnic differences, convergent validity.
Analysis
Spearman rank order correlation, analysis of variance, principal components analysis.
Results
Reliability coefficients ranged from a low of r = .18 (not significant) to r = .74
(P < .0001). Two items were deleted for not meeting criteria for reliability and 2
for redundancy. Ethnic differences at baseline were significant for 1 item. Domain
constructs loaded on 4 to 5 factors for the biopsychosocial framework. Estimates of
convergent validity of 9 constructs led to the deletion of 3 (ie, perceived barriers,
social support, and perceived norms), with retention of perceived benefits, perceived
control, self-efficacy, readiness to eat more fruit, readiness to eat more vegetables,
and perceived diet quality. As an estimate of convergent validity, the final version
of the tool with 6 constructs remaining showed significant correlations with indicators
of diet quality: serum carotenoid values (r = .38, P < .001); hypothesized nutrients
calculated from the mean of 3 24-hour dietary recalls (vitamin C, r = .47, P < .0001;
vitamin A, r = .39, P < .0001; folate, r = .37, P < .0001; beta-carotene, r = .31,
P < .001; and fiber, r = .46, P < .0001); fruit and vegetable servings (r = 0.55,
P < .0001); Healthy Eating Index (r = .27, P < .05); and a fruit and vegetable behavioral
scale (r = .60, P < .0001).
Conclusion and Implications
This systematic process yielded a fruit and vegetable evaluation tool useful for practitioners
and researchers. This is the first validation study of this type to estimate convergent
validity with 5 indicators of diet quality, including a biomarker.
Key Words
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Article info
Footnotes
Funding for the study was provided by the Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Grant #59-3198-6-046, and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP).
Identification
Copyright
© 2005 Society for Nutrition Education. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
