Advertisement
Research Brief| Volume 50, ISSUE 10, P1032-1039, November 2018

Download started.

Ok

Parents Report Competing Priorities Influence Snack Choice in Youth Sports

      Abstract

      Objective

      To describe parental perceptions of team snacks, factors that motivate snack choice, and perceptions of healthy snacking guidelines in youth sports.

      Methods

      Six in-depth group interviews were conducted among parents (n = 22) of children aged 4–12 years in 2 Los Angeles County Baseball Little Leagues. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

      Results

      Parents perceived fruit as the ideal snack; this ideal was balanced with competing priorities, including children's preferences, cost, time, and social norms regarding snacks as rewards and team bonding. Although parents were supportive of promoting healthy snacks, they believed that snacking guidelines should not be mandated.

      Conclusions and Implications

      Developing messages that align with parents' motivations when choosing snacks could promote healthier snacking in youth sports. Future studies are warranted to explore drivers of snacking with a broader sample and to examine how to promote healthy snacks effectively.

      Key Words

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access

      SNEB Member Login

      SNEB Members, full access to the journal is a member benefit. Login via the SNEB Website to access all journal content and features.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Dunford E.K.
        • Popkin B.M.
        37 year snacking trends for US children 1977–2014.
        Pediatr Obes. 2018; 13: 247-255
        • Piernas C.
        • Popkin B.M.
        Trends in snacking among US children.
        Health Aff. 2010; 29: 398-404
        • Larson N.
        • Story M.
        A review of snacking patterns among children and adolescents: what are the implications of snacking for weight status?.
        Child Obes. 2013; 9: 104-115
        • Nicklas T.A.
        • Neil C.E.O.
        • Iii V.L.F.
        • et al.
        Relationship between snacking patterns, diet quality and risk of overweight and abdominal obesity in children.
        Int J Child Health Nutr. 2013; 2: 189-200
        • Azadbakht L.
        • Hajishafiee H.
        • Golshahi J.
        Snacking behavior and obesity among female adolescents in Isfahan, Iran.
        J Am Coll Nutr. 2016; 35: 405-412
        • Taillie L.S.
        • Wang D.
        • Popkin B.M.
        Snacking is longitudinally associated with declines in body mass index z scores for overweight children, but increases for underweight children.
        J Nutr. 2016; 146: 1268-1275
        • Larson N.I.
        • Miller J.M.
        • Watts A.W.
        • Story M.T.
        • Neumark-Sztainer D.R.
        Adolescent snacking behaviors are associated with dietary intake and weight status.
        J Nutr. 2016; 146: 1348-1355
        • Poti J.
        • Popkin B.M.
        Trends in energy intake among US children by eating location and food source, 1977–2006.
        J Acad Nutr Diet. 2011; 111: 1156-1164
        • Poti J.M.
        • Slining M.M.
        • Popkin B.M.
        Where are kids getting their empty calories? Stores, schools, and fast-food restaurants each played an important role in empty calorie intake among US children during 2009–2010.
        J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017; 114: 908-917
        • Thomas M.
        • Nelson T.F.
        • Harwood E.
        • Neumark-Sztainer D.R.
        Exploring parent perceptions of the food environment in youth sport.
        J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012; 44: 365-371
        • Laroche H.H.
        • Ford C.
        • Hansen K.
        • et al.
        Concession stand makeovers: a pilot study of offering healthy foods at high school concession stands.
        J Public Health (Oxf). 2015; 37: 116-124
        • Olstad D.L.
        • Lieffers J.R.L.
        • Raine K.D.
        • McCargar L.J.
        Implementing the Alberta nutrition guidelines for children and youth in a recreational facility.
        Can J Diet Pract Res. 2011; 72: e212-e220
        • Irby M.B.
        • Drury-Brown M.
        • Skelton J.A.
        The food environment of youth baseball.
        Child Obes. 2014; 10: 260-265
        • D'Aria M.
        Nutrition Composition of Snacks Offered to Young Recreational Soccer Players.
        ([thesis]) Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA2015
        • O'Connor S.G.
        • Koprowski C.
        • Dzubur E.
        • Leventhal A.M.
        • Huh J.
        • Dunton G.F.
        Differences in mothers' and children's dietary intake during physical and sedentary activities: an ecological momentary assessment study.
        J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017; 117: 1265-1271
        • US Department of Health and Human Services and US Department of Agriculture
        Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015–2020.
        (8th ed)
        • US Department of Health and Human Services
        Healthy People 2020 topics and objectives: nutrition and weight status.
        • Cruwys T.
        • Bevelander K.E.
        • Hermans R.C.J.
        Social modeling of eating: a review of when and why social influence affects food intake and choice.
        Appetite. 2015; 86: 3-18
        • Giese H.
        • Tãut D.
        • Ollila H.
        • et al.
        Children's and adolescents' snacking: interplay between the individual and the school class.
        Front Psychol. 2015; 6: 1308
        • Lally P.
        • Cooke L.
        • McGowan L.
        • Croker H.
        • Bartle N.
        • Wardle J.
        Parents' misperceptions of social norms for pre-school children's snacking behaviour.
        Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15: 1678-1682
        • Lally P.
        • Bartle N.
        • Wardle J.
        Social norms and diet in adolescents.
        Appetite. 2011; 57: 623-627
        • Baxter P.
        • Jack S.
        Qualitative case study methodology: study design and implementation for novice researchers.
        Qual Report. 2008; 13: 544-559
        • Davison K.K.
        • Blake C.E.
        • Blaine R.E.
        • et al.
        Parenting around child snacking: development of a theoretically-guided, empirically informed conceptual model.
        Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015; 12: 109
        • Campbell K.J.
        • Crawford D.A.
        • Hesketh K.D.
        Australian parents' views on their 5–6-year-old children's food choices.
        Health Promot Int. 2006; 22: 11-18
        • Braun V.
        • Clarke V.
        Using thematic analysis in psychology.
        Qual Res Psychol. 2006; 3: 77-101
        • Robinson E.
        • Fleming A.
        • Higgs S.
        Prompting healthier eating: testing the use of health and social norm based messages.
        Health Psychol. 2014; 33: 1057-1064
        • Olstad D.
        • Goonewardene L.A.
        • McCargar L.J.
        • Raine K.D.
        Choosing healthier foods in recreational sports settings: a mixed methods investigation of the impact of nudging and an economic incentive.
        Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014; 11: 6
        • Wardle J.
        • Herrera M.-L.
        • Cooke L.
        • Gibson E.L.
        Modifying children's food preferences: the effects of exposure and reward on acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable.
        Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57: 341-348
        • Hausner H.
        • Olsen A.
        • Møller P.
        Mere exposure and flavour-flavour learning increase 2–3 year-old children's acceptance of a novel vegetable.
        Appetite. 2012; 58: 1152-1159
        • Anzman-Frasca S.
        • Savage J.S.
        • Marini M.E.
        • Fisher J.O.
        • Birch L.L.
        Repeated exposure and associative conditioning promote preschool children's liking of vegetables.
        Appetite. 2012; 58: 543-553
        • Birch L.L.
        Development of food preferences.
        Annu Rev Nutr. 1999; 19: 41-62
        • Savage S.
        • Fisher J.O.
        • Birch L.L.
        Parental influence on eating behavior: conception to adolescence.
        J Law Med Ethics. 2007; 35: 22-34