Predictors of WIC Participation Through 2 Years of Age

Shannon E. Whaley; Catherine E. Martinez; Courtney Paolicelli; Lorrene D. Ritchie; Nancy S. Weinfield

doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2019.12.015

Research Article| Volume 52, ISSUE 7, P672-679, July 2020

Predictors of WIC Participation Through 2 Years of Age

Shannon E. Whaley, PhD
Shannon E. Whaley
Correspondence
Address for correspondence: Shannon E. Whaley, PhD, Public Health Foundation Enterprises WIC, Division of Research and Evaluation, 12781 Schabarum Ave, Irwindale, CA 91706
Contact
Affiliations
Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises WIC Program, Irwindale, CA
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Catherine E. Martinez, MPH
Catherine E. Martinez
Affiliations
Division of Research and Evaluation, Public Health Foundation Enterprises WIC Program, Irwindale, CA
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Courtney Paolicelli, DrPH, RDN
Courtney Paolicelli
Affiliations
Office of Policy Support, Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA
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Lorrene D. Ritchie, PhD, RD
Lorrene D. Ritchie
Affiliations
Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Nancy S. Weinfield, PhD
Nancy S. Weinfield
Affiliations
Kaiser Permanente, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
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Published:February 14, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.12.015

Abstract

Objective

To examine factors associated with Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation through 2 years of age.

Design

Longitudinal data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.

Setting

Eighty WIC sites.

Participants

The WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 participants interviewed through 2 years of age (n = 1,250).

Main Outcome Measure

WIC participation through 2 years of age.

Analysis

Multivariate logistic regression and odds ratios.

Results

Infants in households with incomes ≤100% of the federal poverty level (FPL) were more than twice as likely as those with incomes above 100% FPL to continue WIC participation through 2 years (odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–3.66). The odds of WIC participation through 2 years were 2.84 times higher for infants fully breastfed for 6 months or longer compared with infants breastfed for less than 6 months (95% CI, 1.43–5.66). Infants in households in which caregivers reported they made a change in how they fed their family on the basis of something they learned from WIC had 2.60 higher odds of continued WIC participation than infants in households in which caregivers did not report making a change (95% CI, 1.67–4.07).

Conclusions and Implications

In addition to lower household income, longer breastfeeding duration and application of WIC nutrition education are important predictors of WIC participation through 2 years of age.

Key Words

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Article info

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Published online: February 14, 2020

Footnotes

Conflict of Interest Disclosure: The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.12.015

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Predictors of WIC Participation Through 2 Years of Age

Abstract

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Main Outcome Measure

Analysis

Results

Conclusions and Implications

Key Words

Purchase one-time access:

SNEB Member Login

Subscribe:

REFERENCES

Article info

Publication history

Footnotes

Identification

Copyright

ScienceDirect

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